When the object designated 1992 QB1 was discovered, news reports suggested that there were now ten known planets in our...
GMAT Reading Comprehension : (RC) Questions
Source: Official Guide
...
...
Post a Query
When the object designated 1992 QB1 was discovered, news reports suggested that there were now ten known planets in our Solar System. In fact, the object is too small to qualify as a planet; still, its discovery has generated real excitement among astronomers. It confirms the existence of an entire class of objects orbiting the Sun, in addition to the planets, asteroids, and comets.
Astronomers had already suspected that several known objects in the region of the outer planets belonged to a special class of astronomical objects, small bodies composed of rock and Ice. These "Ice dwarfs" were thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt, which lies beyond the orbits of the planets 1992 QB1, currently located between the Kuiper Belt and the outer planets and apparently moving inward toward the Sun, Is the missing link that shows that ice dwarfs originate In the Kuiper Belt. It provides a stepping stone in theory, like the transition from always seeing a species of animal In captivity—from which one can hypothesize that such animals exist in the wild—to actually finding them In their natural habitat. Ice dwarfs are not, however, mere oddities to add to the astronomical menagerei. Objects like them were undoubtedly the building blocks of the giant planets.
Ques. 1/3
According to the passage, the discovery of 1992 QB1 provided astronomers with information about which of the following?
Solution
1. Passage Analysis:
Progressive Passage Analysis
| Text from Passage | Analysis |
|---|---|
| When the object designated 1992 QB1 was discovered, news reports suggested that there were now ten known planets in our Solar System. | What it says: News reports incorrectly claimed a newly discovered space object was the 10th planet. What it does: Sets up a misconception that will be corrected Source/Type: Factual statement about news reports Connection to Previous Sentences: This is our opening sentence - establishes the context around object 1992 QB1 Visualization: News Headlines: "10th Planet Discovered!" vs Reality: [We don't know the truth yet] What We Know So Far: An object called 1992 QB1 was discovered and news called it a planet What We Don't Know Yet: Why the news was wrong, what this object actually is |
| In fact, the object is too small to qualify as a planet; still, its discovery has generated real excitement among astronomers. | What it says: 1992 QB1 is NOT a planet - it's too small. But astronomers are still excited about it. What it does: Corrects the misconception from sentence 1 and introduces the puzzle (why excitement if not a planet?) Source/Type: Author's factual correction Connection to Previous Sentences: This directly contradicts sentence 1's news reports. The author is setting up: Wrong assumption → Correction → Now we need explanation Visualization: Size comparison: Real planets (Jupiter, Earth, Mars...) vs 1992 QB1 (much smaller) + Excited astronomers despite small size Reading Strategy Insight: Classic RC pattern - present common misconception, then correct it. Feel confident you understand the setup! |
| It confirms the existence of an entire class of objects orbiting the Sun, in addition to the planets, asteroids, and comets. | What it says: 1992 QB1 proves there's a whole new category of space objects beyond the ones we already knew about. What it does: Answers the puzzle from sentence 2 - explains WHY astronomers are excited Source/Type: Author's explanation of scientific significance Connection to Previous Sentences: This builds on sentence 2's puzzle. Sentence 2 asked: "Why excitement?" NOW we get the answer: "Because it proves new categories exist" Visualization: Known space objects: Planets (9) + Asteroids (1000s) + Comets (100s) → NOW: + New Category (how many? unknown) Reading Strategy Insight: Feel relieved here - this is explanation, not new complexity! The author just told us why this matters. What We Know So Far: 1992 QB1 isn't a planet but proves new object types exist What We Don't Know Yet: What this new category is called or what it's like |
| Astronomers had already suspected that several known objects in the region of the outer planets belonged to a special class of astronomical objects, small bodies composed of rock and Ice. | What it says: Scientists already thought some objects near the outer planets formed a special group - small, rocky, icy bodies. What it does: Provides background context and starts defining the "new category" from sentence 3 Source/Type: Background scientific knowledge (what astronomers suspected) Connection to Previous Sentences: This builds on sentence 3's "entire class of objects." Sentence 3 said new category exists → NOW we learn scientists already suspected this category Visualization: Outer planet region: Neptune, Pluto area → Several mysterious objects → Suspected characteristics: Small + Rocky + Icy Reading Strategy Insight: This is background setup - the author is giving us context before the main explanation. Don't panic about new details! |
| These "Ice dwarfs" were thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt, which lies beyond the orbits of the planets | What it says: The special objects are called "ice dwarfs" and scientists thought they came from the Kuiper Belt (a region past the planets). What it does: Names the category and gives the theory about where they come from Source/Type: Scientific theory (what astronomers thought) Connection to Previous Sentences: This continues building on sentence 4. Sentence 4: "special class... rock and ice" → NOW: "ice dwarfs" (same objects, now with name and origin theory) Visualization: Solar System layout: Planets in center → Kuiper Belt beyond planets → Theory: Ice dwarfs originate in Kuiper Belt → Some ice dwarfs near outer planets Reading Strategy Insight: This is clarification, not complication! We just got names for concepts already introduced. |
| 1992 QB1, currently located between the Kuiper Belt and the outer planets and apparently moving inward toward the Sun, Is the missing link that shows that ice dwarfs originate In the Kuiper Belt. | What it says: 1992 QB1 is positioned between the Kuiper Belt and outer planets, moving toward the Sun, and this proves ice dwarfs really do come from the Kuiper Belt. What it does: Connects 1992 QB1 back to the ice dwarf theory - it's the proof scientists needed! Source/Type: Author's explanation of the scientific discovery's significance Connection to Previous Sentences: This ties everything together! Sentence 5: "thought to originate in Kuiper Belt" → NOW: "1992 QB1 proves this theory" Visualization: Kuiper Belt → 1992 QB1 (moving inward) → Outer planets → Inner solar system. 1992 QB1's position = evidence of journey from Kuiper Belt Reading Strategy Insight: Major "aha" moment - this sentence connects 1992 QB1 from the opening back to the ice dwarf theory! |
| It provides a stepping stone in theory, like the transition from always seeing a species of animal In captivity—from which one can hypothesize that such animals exist in the wild—to actually finding them In their natural habitat. | What it says: This restates the previous sentence using a simple analogy: like going from seeing zoo animals to finding them in the wild. What it does: Simplifies the complex scientific concept with an everyday comparison Source/Type: Author's explanatory analogy Connection to Previous Sentences: This is NOT new information! Sentence 6 told us 1992 QB1 proves the Kuiper Belt theory → NOW the author helps us understand this with a zoo animal analogy Visualization: Scientific Discovery = Zoo animals (ice dwarfs near planets) → Wild animals (1992 QB1 moving from Kuiper Belt) = Proof the species exists in nature Reading Strategy Insight: Feel relieved here - this is simplification, not new complexity! When you see analogies like this, the author is helping you understand. |
| Ice dwarfs are not, however, mere oddities to add to the astronomical menagerei. | What it says: Ice dwarfs aren't just interesting curiosities - they're more important than that. What it does: Transitions to explaining the broader significance and sets up for a bigger point Source/Type: Author's emphasis on importance Connection to Previous Sentences: This builds on our understanding of ice dwarfs established in sentences 4-7. Previous sentences explained what ice dwarfs are → NOW: "But wait, there's more importance!" Visualization: Astronomical "Zoo": Planets, asteroids, comets, ice dwarfs → Ice dwarfs ≠ just another exhibit → Ice dwarfs = something more significant Reading Strategy Insight: Classic transition phrase ("not, however, mere...") signals the author is about to tell us the REAL importance. Get ready for the main point! |
| Objects like them were undoubtedly the building blocks of the giant planets. | What it says: Ice dwarfs were the materials that formed the large planets. What it does: Delivers the big payoff - explains why ice dwarfs matter for understanding our solar system's formation Source/Type: Scientific conclusion/theory Connection to Previous Sentences: This completes the argument! Sentence 8 said ice dwarfs aren't just curiosities → NOW we learn why: they're how planets formed! Visualization: Solar System Formation: Many ice dwarfs (small building blocks) → Combined over time → Giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, etc.) Reading Strategy Insight: This is the passage's main point! Everything built to this: 1992 QB1 proves ice dwarfs exist → ice dwarfs show us how planets formed. What We Know Now: Complete story from discovery to cosmic significance - 1992 QB1 led to understanding planetary formation! |
2. Passage Summary:
Author's Purpose:
To explain how a single astronomical discovery led to important insights about the formation of our solar system
Summary of Passage Structure:
In this passage, the author walks us through how one misunderstood discovery became a key piece of evidence for understanding planetary formation:
- First, the author corrects a common misconception by explaining that 1992 QB1 was wrongly called a planet by news reports, even though it's too small to qualify
- Next, the author explains why astronomers were still excited about this discovery - it proved that an entire new class of space objects exists
- Then, the author provides background about "ice dwarfs" and how scientists suspected these objects came from a region called the Kuiper Belt, with 1992 QB1 serving as the missing evidence that proved this theory
- Finally, the author reveals the bigger significance by showing that ice dwarfs aren't just cosmic curiosities but were actually the building blocks that formed the giant planets
Main Point:
The discovery of 1992 QB1 proved that ice dwarfs from the Kuiper Belt were the building blocks that formed the giant planets in our solar system, giving us important clues about how planets were created.
Answer Choices Explained
A
How ice dwarfs are formed
Why It's Wrong:
• The passage never discusses how ice dwarfs are formed or their formation process
• The focus is on where they come from (origin location) and what they became (building blocks), not the mechanism of their formation
• 1992 QB1's discovery provided evidence about movement and origin, not formation processes Common Student Mistakes:
1. Confusing "origin" with "formation process"?
→ Remember that knowing WHERE something comes from is different from knowing HOW it was made
1. Thinking that discovering an object automatically tells us how it formed?
→ Focus on what the passage explicitly states the discovery revealed
• The passage never discusses how ice dwarfs are formed or their formation process
• The focus is on where they come from (origin location) and what they became (building blocks), not the mechanism of their formation
• 1992 QB1's discovery provided evidence about movement and origin, not formation processes Common Student Mistakes:
1. Confusing "origin" with "formation process"?
→ Remember that knowing WHERE something comes from is different from knowing HOW it was made
1. Thinking that discovering an object automatically tells us how it formed?
→ Focus on what the passage explicitly states the discovery revealed
B
The place where ice dwarfs originated
Why It's Right:
• The passage explicitly states that 1992 QB1 "is the missing link that shows that ice dwarfs originate in the Kuiper Belt"
• Before this discovery, astronomers only "suspected" and "thought" ice dwarfs came from the Kuiper Belt
• 1992 QB1's position between the Kuiper Belt and outer planets, moving inward, provided the proof needed to confirm the origin location
• The zoo animal analogy reinforces this: moving from hypothesis to actual evidence of where they come from Key Evidence: "1992 QB1, currently located between the Kuiper Belt and the outer planets and apparently moving inward toward the Sun, is the missing link that shows that ice dwarfs originate in the Kuiper Belt."
• The passage explicitly states that 1992 QB1 "is the missing link that shows that ice dwarfs originate in the Kuiper Belt"
• Before this discovery, astronomers only "suspected" and "thought" ice dwarfs came from the Kuiper Belt
• 1992 QB1's position between the Kuiper Belt and outer planets, moving inward, provided the proof needed to confirm the origin location
• The zoo animal analogy reinforces this: moving from hypothesis to actual evidence of where they come from Key Evidence: "1992 QB1, currently located between the Kuiper Belt and the outer planets and apparently moving inward toward the Sun, is the missing link that shows that ice dwarfs originate in the Kuiper Belt."
C
The composition of ice dwarfs
Why It's Wrong:
• The composition of ice dwarfs (rock and ice) was already known before 1992 QB1's discovery
• The passage states astronomers "had already suspected" these objects were "small bodies composed of rock and ice"
• 1992 QB1's discovery confirmed origin location, not composition Common Student Mistakes:
1. Thinking that discovering a new example of ice dwarfs revealed their composition?
→ The passage shows this composition was already suspected before 1992 QB1
1. Confusing what was already known with what was newly discovered?
→ Look for words like "already suspected" vs. "shows that" to distinguish prior knowledge from new discoveries
• The composition of ice dwarfs (rock and ice) was already known before 1992 QB1's discovery
• The passage states astronomers "had already suspected" these objects were "small bodies composed of rock and ice"
• 1992 QB1's discovery confirmed origin location, not composition Common Student Mistakes:
1. Thinking that discovering a new example of ice dwarfs revealed their composition?
→ The passage shows this composition was already suspected before 1992 QB1
1. Confusing what was already known with what was newly discovered?
→ Look for words like "already suspected" vs. "shows that" to distinguish prior knowledge from new discoveries
D
The location of the Kuiper Belt
Why It's Wrong:
• The location of the Kuiper Belt was already known - it "lies beyond the orbits of the planets"
• The passage presents the Kuiper Belt's location as established knowledge, not as something discovered through 1992 QB1
• 1992 QB1's discovery confirmed what happens IN the Kuiper Belt (origin of ice dwarfs), not WHERE the Kuiper Belt is located Common Student Mistakes:
1. Confusing the discovery of objects from a region with discovering the region itself?
→ The Kuiper Belt's location was already established; 1992 QB1 proved objects originate there
1. Thinking that proving a connection to the Kuiper Belt means discovering its location?
→ Focus on what was unknown before vs. what 1992 QB1 proved
• The location of the Kuiper Belt was already known - it "lies beyond the orbits of the planets"
• The passage presents the Kuiper Belt's location as established knowledge, not as something discovered through 1992 QB1
• 1992 QB1's discovery confirmed what happens IN the Kuiper Belt (origin of ice dwarfs), not WHERE the Kuiper Belt is located Common Student Mistakes:
1. Confusing the discovery of objects from a region with discovering the region itself?
→ The Kuiper Belt's location was already established; 1992 QB1 proved objects originate there
1. Thinking that proving a connection to the Kuiper Belt means discovering its location?
→ Focus on what was unknown before vs. what 1992 QB1 proved
E
What role ice dwarfs played in the formation of the giant planets
Why It's Wrong:
• The role of ice dwarfs as building blocks of giant planets is presented as a conclusion drawn from understanding ice dwarfs, not as direct information from 1992 QB1's discovery
• This information appears in the final sentence as broader significance, not as what 1992 QB1 specifically revealed
• 1992 QB1's discovery proved origin location; the building block role is additional context about why ice dwarfs matter Common Student Mistakes:
1. Thinking that all information in the passage came from 1992 QB1's discovery?
→ Distinguish between what the discovery directly revealed vs. broader implications discussed afterward
1. Confusing the significance of a discovery with the information it directly provided?
→ The question asks what information the discovery provided, not why that information is important
• The role of ice dwarfs as building blocks of giant planets is presented as a conclusion drawn from understanding ice dwarfs, not as direct information from 1992 QB1's discovery
• This information appears in the final sentence as broader significance, not as what 1992 QB1 specifically revealed
• 1992 QB1's discovery proved origin location; the building block role is additional context about why ice dwarfs matter Common Student Mistakes:
1. Thinking that all information in the passage came from 1992 QB1's discovery?
→ Distinguish between what the discovery directly revealed vs. broader implications discussed afterward
1. Confusing the significance of a discovery with the information it directly provided?
→ The question asks what information the discovery provided, not why that information is important
Rate this Solution
Tell us what you think about this solution
Forum Discussions
Start a new discussion
Post
Load More