Lin: Overloaded long-haul trucks—ones exceeding legally mandated weight limitations—pose safety risks and wear down roads and bridges. To discourage o...
GMAT Critical Reasoning : (CR) Questions
Lin: Overloaded long-haul trucks—ones exceeding legally mandated weight limitations—pose safety risks and wear down roads and bridges. To discourage overloading, we must impose harsher penalties, because rising fuel costs and competition from a rebounding railway-freight industry have increased the incentive for truckers to cheat. Typically, truck drivers elude detection by running at night when weigh stations are closed.
Which of the following would, if true, provide the most support for Lin's recommendation?
Passage Analysis:
| Text from Passage | Analysis |
| Overloaded long-haul trucks—ones exceeding legally mandated weight limitations—pose safety risks and wear down roads and bridges. |
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| To discourage overloading, we must impose harsher penalties, because rising fuel costs and competition from a rebounding railway-freight industry have increased the incentive for truckers to cheat. |
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| Typically, truck drivers elude detection by running at night when weigh stations are closed. |
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Argument Flow:
"Lin starts by establishing the problem (overloaded trucks cause safety and infrastructure damage), then presents his solution (harsher penalties), supports it with reasoning about increased incentives to cheat (fuel costs and railway competition), and adds evidence about how easy it currently is to avoid detection (night driving)."
Main Conclusion:
"We must impose harsher penalties to discourage truck overloading."
Logical Structure:
"The argument links current enforcement gaps (night driving to avoid detection) with increased motivations to cheat (economic pressures) to support why stronger deterrents (harsher penalties) are needed to solve the established problem (safety risks and infrastructure damage)."
Prethinking:
Question type:
Strengthen - We need to find new information that would increase our belief in Lin's conclusion that harsher penalties are needed to discourage truck overloading
Precision of Claims
Lin's recommendation is specifically about imposing 'harsher penalties' to discourage overloading, based on increased incentives to cheat due to fuel costs and railway competition. The scope is focused on penalty effectiveness as a deterrent mechanism
Strategy
To strengthen Lin's argument, we need evidence that shows harsher penalties would actually work as an effective deterrent. Since Lin argues that current incentives to cheat have increased (fuel costs + railway competition), we should look for information that demonstrates penalties can overcome these stronger incentives, or that shows the current penalty system is inadequate given these new pressures
'As the weight of a loaded truck increases, the fine for overloading should increase correspondingly.' This describes how penalties should be structured but doesn't provide evidence that harsher penalties would actually work as deterrents. We need support for whether penalties can effectively discourage overloading, not details about penalty structure.
'Repairs to road surfaces are in a large percentage of cases funded through taxes on fuel.' This relates to how road damage is funded but doesn't support the effectiveness of harsher penalties as a solution. It's about financing repairs, not preventing the damage in the first place through better deterrents.
'Road surfaces are designed to withstand at least the legally mandated weight limitations for long-haul trucks.' This confirms why overloading causes damage (roads aren't designed for excess weight) but doesn't strengthen the case that harsher penalties would reduce overloading. It supports the problem statement, not the proposed solution.
'The costs to a trucking company from adding additional trucks and drivers are currently greater than are those from fines for overloading.' This is our answer! It reveals why truckers choose to overload - because paying current fines is cheaper than operating legally with more trucks/drivers. This economic reality explains why Lin's mentioned pressures (fuel costs, railway competition) increase cheating, and directly supports why harsher penalties are needed to make legal operation the more economical choice.
'In areas where weigh stations are kept open at night, the number of overloaded trucks detected at night is similar to the number detected during the day.' This shows that detection rates are consistent when stations are open, but it doesn't support the need for harsher penalties. If anything, it might suggest that better enforcement (keeping stations open) rather than harsher penalties could be the solution.