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The domain of the function \(\mathrm{f(x)} = \sqrt{\sqrt{\mathrm{x}+2} - \sqrt{4-\mathrm{x}}}\) is the set of real numbers x such that

GMAT Algebra : (ALG) Questions

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Algebra
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The domain of the function \(\mathrm{f(x)} = \sqrt{\sqrt{\mathrm{x}+2} - \sqrt{4-\mathrm{x}}}\) is the set of real numbers x such that

A
\(-2 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 1\)
B
\(-2 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 4\)
C
\(1 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 2\)
D
\(1 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 4\)
E
\(2 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 4\)
Solution
  1. Translate the problem requirements: Find all real numbers x for which \(\mathrm{f(x)=\sqrt{\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{4-x}}}\) is defined, meaning we need both inner square roots to exist AND the outer square root argument to be non-negative
  2. Establish basic square root constraints: Determine when the inner square roots \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}}\) and \(\sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\) are defined by setting their arguments ≥ 0
  3. Analyze the outer square root constraint: Find when \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}}-\sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}} \geq 0\), which requires \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} \geq \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\)
  4. Solve the inequality constraint: Square both sides of \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} \geq \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\) to find the final restriction on x
  5. Combine all constraints: Intersect all domain restrictions to determine the final valid range for x

Execution of Strategic Approach

1. Translate the problem requirements

Let's start by understanding what we need to find. We have the function \(\mathrm{f(x) = \sqrt{\sqrt{x+2} - \sqrt{4-x}}}\), and we want to find its domain - meaning all the x values where this function actually makes sense and gives us a real number.

Think of it like this: for this function to work, we need THREE things to happen:

- The first inner square root \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}}\) must be defined
- The second inner square root \(\sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\) must be defined
- The outer square root must be defined, which means what's inside it \((\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} - \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}})\) must be non-negative

This is like a three-gate checkpoint - x must pass through ALL three gates to be in our domain.

Process Skill: TRANSLATE - Converting the domain question into specific mathematical requirements

2. Establish basic square root constraints

Let's tackle the first two gates. For any square root to give us a real number, what's inside must be zero or positive.

For \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}}\) to work: We need \(\mathrm{x + 2 \geq 0}\)
Solving: \(\mathrm{x \geq -2}\)

For \(\sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\) to work: We need \(\mathrm{4 - x \geq 0}\)
Solving: \(\mathrm{4 \geq x}\), which means \(\mathrm{x \leq 4}\)

So far, combining these first two requirements: x must satisfy both \(\mathrm{x \geq -2}\) AND \(\mathrm{x \leq 4}\)
This gives us: \(\mathrm{-2 \leq x \leq 4}\)

But wait - we still have that third gate to pass through!

3. Analyze the outer square root constraint

Now for the trickiest part. The outer square root \(\sqrt{\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} - \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}}\) requires that:
\(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} - \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}} \geq 0\)

This means: \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} \geq \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\)

In plain English: the first square root must be at least as big as the second square root. When does this happen? Let's think about it - as x gets bigger, \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}}\) gets bigger while \(\sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\) gets smaller. So there should be some point where they're equal, and beyond that point our condition is satisfied.

Process Skill: INFER - Recognizing the non-obvious constraint that the outer expression must be non-negative

4. Solve the inequality constraint

To solve \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} \geq \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\), we can square both sides (since both sides are non-negative in our valid range):

\((\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}})^2 \geq (\sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}})^2\)
\(\mathrm{x + 2 \geq 4 - x}\)
\(\mathrm{x + x \geq 4 - 2}\)
\(\mathrm{2x \geq 2}\)
\(\mathrm{x \geq 1}\)

So our third constraint is: \(\mathrm{x \geq 1}\)

5. Combine all constraints

Now let's put all three constraints together:

- From \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}}\): \(\mathrm{x \geq -2}\)
- From \(\sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\): \(\mathrm{x \leq 4}\)
- From the outer square root: \(\mathrm{x \geq 1}\)

The most restrictive lower bound is \(\mathrm{x \geq 1}\)
The upper bound is \(\mathrm{x \leq 4}\)

Therefore, our domain is: \(\mathrm{1 \leq x \leq 4}\)

Final Answer

The domain of \(\mathrm{f(x) = \sqrt{\sqrt{x+2} - \sqrt{4-x}}}\) is \(\mathrm{1 \leq x \leq 4}\).

Looking at our answer choices, this corresponds to choice D: "\(\mathrm{1 \leq x \leq 4}\)"

We can verify this makes sense: at \(\mathrm{x = 1}\), we get \(\mathrm{f(1) = \sqrt{\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{3}} = \sqrt{0} = 0}\), which works. At \(\mathrm{x = 4}\), we get \(\mathrm{f(4) = \sqrt{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{0}} = \sqrt{\sqrt{6}}}\) which is defined. Values outside this range would either make one of the inner square roots undefined or make the outer expression negative.

Common Faltering Points

Errors while devising the approach

1. Missing the outer square root constraint: Students often identify the two inner square root constraints (\(\mathrm{x \geq -2}\) and \(\mathrm{x \leq 4}\)) but completely overlook that the outer square root requires \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} - \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}} \geq 0\). They may incorrectly conclude the domain is \(\mathrm{-2 \leq x \leq 4}\), leading to answer choice B.

2. Misunderstanding nested function requirements: Students may think they only need to find where each individual square root is defined, not recognizing that nested functions require ALL layers to be simultaneously valid. This leads to an incomplete analysis of the domain constraints.

Errors while executing the approach

1. Incorrect algebraic manipulation when solving \(\sqrt{\mathrm{x+2}} \geq \sqrt{\mathrm{4-x}}\): Students may make errors when squaring both sides or rearranging terms, potentially getting \(\mathrm{x \leq 1}\) instead of \(\mathrm{x \geq 1}\), which would lead to an impossible domain or incorrect answer.

2. Sign errors in solving inequalities: When solving \(\mathrm{4 - x \geq 0}\), students might incorrectly write \(\mathrm{x \geq 4}\) instead of \(\mathrm{x \leq 4}\), or make similar directional errors with other inequalities, leading to wrong constraint boundaries.

Errors while selecting the answer

1. Choosing based on partial analysis: Students who correctly find \(\mathrm{x \geq -2}\) and \(\mathrm{x \leq 4}\) but miss the third constraint may confidently select answer choice B (\(\mathrm{-2 \leq x \leq 4}\)), thinking their analysis is complete.

2. Boundary point confusion: Students may correctly determine that \(\mathrm{x = 1}\) is a critical point but incorrectly interpret whether it should be included or excluded from the domain, potentially choosing answer C (\(\mathrm{1 \leq x \leq 2}\)) if they also misidentify the upper boundary.

Answer Choices Explained
A
\(-2 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 1\)
B
\(-2 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 4\)
C
\(1 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 2\)
D
\(1 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 4\)
E
\(2 \leq \mathrm{x} \leq 4\)
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The domain of the function \(\mathrm{f(x)} = \sqrt{\sqrt{\mathrm{x}+2} - \sqrt{4-\mathrm{x}}}\) : Algebra (ALG)