Two students are discussing three themes from One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez. Sipho maintains that every...
GMAT Graphics Interpretation : (GI) Questions
Two students are discussing three themes from One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez.
Sipho maintains that every portion of the novel addresses at least one of the themes of time, fate, or magic, but that only 20% of the novel addresses all three themes and that 10% addresses magic only (among these three themes). Further details of his assessment are provided in the Venn diagram.
Anika agrees with much of Sipho's assessment. In particular, for any portion of the novel that, according to Sipho's assessment, addresses the theme of time, Anika agrees that the portion indeed addresses the theme of time. Likewise for the themes of fate and magic. However, contrary to Sipho's assessment, Anika maintains that every portion of the novel that addresses the theme of magic also addresses the theme of fate.
Select from each drop-down menu the option that creates a statement that is consistent with the information provided.
Owning the Dataset
Table 1: Text Analysis
| Text Element | Content | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Novel context | Two students are discussing three themes from One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez. | All analysis relates to the literary themes within this novel. |
| Sipho's coverage rule | Every portion addresses at least one of: time, fate, or magic. | \(100\%\) of the novel involves at least one of these themes; there is no region outside the Venn diagram. |
| Sipho: all three | \(20\%\) of the novel addresses all three themes. | \(\frac{1}{5}\) of the novel involves time, fate, and magic together. |
| Sipho: magic only | \(10\%\) addresses magic only (among these three themes). | \(\frac{1}{10}\) of the novel is about magic, but not the other themes. |
| Anika's agreement | For any portion addressing time or fate or magic, Anika agrees with Sipho. | Anika accepts Sipho's allocation of portions to each theme individually. |
| Anika's extra condition | Every portion that addresses magic also addresses fate. | There cannot be any segment that has magic but not fate, per Anika. |
Table 2: Chart Analysis
| Chart Element | Value | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Only time | \(0\%\) | There is no novel segment about time and not fate or magic. |
| Only fate | \(0\%\) | There is no novel segment about fate and not time or magic. |
| Only magic | \(10\%\) | \(10\%\) of the novel is about magic only (violates Anika's rule). |
| \(\mathrm{Time} \cap \mathrm{Fate}\) | \(40\%\) | Largest overlap, no magic. |
| \(\mathrm{Time} \cap \mathrm{Magic}\) | \(10\%\) | \(10\%\) is about time and magic, but not fate (violates Anika's rule). |
| \(\mathrm{Fate} \cap \mathrm{Magic}\) | \(20\%\) | About fate and magic, but not time. |
| \(\mathrm{Time} \cap \mathrm{Fate} \cap \mathrm{Magic}\) | \(20\%\) | All three themes together. |
| Magic (any) | \(60\%\) (sum above including magic) | Sipho believes magic appears in \(60\%\) of the novel. |
Key Insights
The Venn diagram for Sipho shows \(10\%\) of the novel addresses only magic and \(10\%\) with time and magic but no fate; both contradict Anika's demand that all magic also includes fate. For Anika, these regions must be merged into those that include both fate and magic (either \(\mathrm{fate} \cap \mathrm{magic}\), or \(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{fate} \cap \mathrm{magic}\)). The core insight is that Anika's interpretation eliminates portions of the novel containing magic without fate—so, under Anika, \(20\%\) of the novel moves from magic-only and time-and-magic-only into regions that contain fate with magic. This reflects a stricter requirement for thematic intersections than Sipho's original chart.
Step-by-Step Solution
Question 1: Percentage of the Novel Addressing Time that Also Addresses Fate (According to Anika)
Complete Statement:
Anika maintains that ___\(\%\) of the novel that addresses the theme of time also addresses the theme of fate.
Breaking Down the Statement
Statement Breakdown 1:
- Key Phrase: Anika maintains
Meaning: We are being asked for Anika's interpretation, not Sipho's.
Relation to Chart: The numbers from Sipho's diagram must be modified according to Anika's rules.
Important Implications: We must use the constraint that all magic portions necessarily include fate.
Statement Breakdown 2:
- Key Phrase: the novel that addresses the theme of time
Meaning: Our denominator is all portions of the novel that mention the theme of time.
Relation to Chart: Sipho's chart has \(40\%\) (\(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{fate}\)), \(10\%\) (\(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{magic}\)), and \(20\%\) (all three).
Important Implications: Under Sipho, that's \(40\% + 10\% + 20\% = 70\%\) of the novel.
What is needed: What percent of time-addressing portions also address fate according to Anika.
Solution:
Condensed Solution Implementation:
Apply Anika's rule that all magic involves fate, so any portion with magic is also fate.
Necessary Data points:
Original time-overlapping sections: \(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{fate}\) (\(40\%\)), \(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{magic}\) (\(10\%\)), all three (\(20\%\)). Anika's rule absorbs \(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{magic}\) entirely into all three.
Calculations Estimations:
After redistribution, all portions that involve time (\(40\% + 10\% + 20\% = 70\%\)) now also include fate. Therefore, \(\frac{\mathrm{all\ 70\%}}{70\%} = 100\%\).
Comparison to Answer Choices:
Possible answers: \(40\%\), \(50\%\), \(60\%\), \(80\%\), \(100\%\). \(100\%\) is correct.
FINAL ANSWER Blank 1: 100
Question 2: Percentage of the Novel Addressing Magic (According to Anika)
Complete Statement:
Anika maintains that ___\(\%\) of the novel addresses the theme of magic.
Breaking Down the Statement
Statement Breakdown 1:
- Key Phrase: Anika maintains
Meaning: We apply Anika's rule about magic always including fate.
Relation to Chart: Sipho's original chart needs to be redistributed.
Statement Breakdown 2:
- Key Phrase: addresses the theme of magic
Meaning: Sum all portions with magic after shuffling under Anika's rule.
Relation to Chart: Sipho: \(10\%\) (magic only), \(10\%\) (\(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{magic}\)), \(20\%\) (\(\mathrm{fate} \cap \mathrm{magic}\)), \(20\%\) (all three); need to re-categorize.
What is needed: What percent of the novel contains the theme of magic by Anika's redistribution.
Solution:
Condensed Solution Implementation:
All magic includes fate, so all magic-only and \(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{magic}\) portions become \(\mathrm{fate} \cap \mathrm{magic}\) or all three.
Necessary Data points:
Magic only (\(10\%\)) and \(\mathrm{fate} \cap \mathrm{magic}\) (\(20\%\)) combine for \(\mathrm{fate} \cap \mathrm{magic}\); \(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{magic}\) (\(10\%\)) and all three (\(20\%\)) become all three.
Calculations Estimations:
\(\mathrm{Fate} \cap \mathrm{magic}\): \(20\%\) (from \(\mathrm{fate} \cap \mathrm{magic}\)) + \(10\%\) (from magic only) = \(30\%\). All three: \(20\%\) (original) + \(10\%\) (from \(\mathrm{time} \cap \mathrm{magic}\)) = \(30\%\). Total with magic: \(30\% + 30\% = 60\%\).
Comparison to Answer Choices:
Possible answers: \(30\%\), \(40\%\), \(50\%\), \(60\%\). The answer is \(60\%\).
FINAL ANSWER Blank 2: 60
Summary
Anika's constraint that all magic involves fate causes Sipho's original chart to be redistributed: every magic portion contains fate. As a result, all time-related portions also overlap fate (\(100\%\)), and the total percentage of the novel addressing magic under Anika's interpretation is \(60\%\).
Question Independence Analysis
The two blanks are dependent because both require understanding and applying Anika's rule, which redistributes Sipho's chart. The solution to one uses the same redistribution as the solution to the other.