Speaker: A certain ethical theory holds that everyone has six fundamental duties: to avoid causing harm to others, to promote...

Phase 1: Owning the Dataset

Argument Analysis Table

Key Patterns Identified

• Established Rankings: We have explicit "greater than" relationships between specific duties
• Ranking Chains: Some duties create chains (e.g., harm avoidance > fairness > authority)
• No Universal Statements: The passage doesn't say any duty is always most/least important
• Limited Information: We only know the specific relationships stated, not all possible comparisons

Phase 2: Question Analysis & Prethinking

Understanding Each Part

• Part 1 Focus: Find a duty that is NEVER stated to be less important than another
• Part 2 Focus: Find a duty that is NEVER stated to be more important than another
• Relationship: These represent the extremes - one duty with no stated superiors, one with no stated inferiors

Valid Inferences (Prethinking)

Let me map what we know about each duty:

Avoid causing harm:
- More important than: fairness, acting honorably
- Less important than: (none stated)

Be loyal:
- More important than: (none stated)
- Less important than: promoting common good

Other duties all have both higher and lower ranked duties stated.

Phase 3: Answer Choice Evaluation

Evaluating Each Option

"avoid causing harm to others"

• What it claims: This duty as an answer
• Fact Support: Stated to be more important than fairness and honor; NO statement says anything is more important than it
• Logical Validity: Valid for Part 1 - never stated to be less important
• Part Suitability: Perfect for Part 1, not for Part 2

"be loyal"

• What it claims: This duty as an answer
• Fact Support: Stated to be less important than common good; NO statement says it's more important than anything
• Logical Validity: Valid for Part 2 - never stated to be more important
• Part Suitability: Perfect for Part 2, not for Part 1

Other options (promote common good, act honorably, be fair, obey authority):

• All have explicit statements showing them both more AND less important than other duties
• Cannot work for either part

Answer Selection Process

1. Part 1 Selection: "avoid causing harm to others" - Only duty with no stated superiors
2. Part 2 Selection: "be loyal" - Only duty with no stated inferiors
3. Verification: Both answers rely solely on explicit passage statements without speculation

Trap Avoidance Check

• ✓ No over-inference - we only use stated relationships
• ✓ No assumptions about unstated comparisons
• ✓ Each answer is independently valid
• ✓ The pair completely addresses both parts of the question