Definition of pedestrian: Any person who, while on a sidewalk or similar paved walkway alongside a roadway, is walking, running,...

Phase 1: Owning the Dataset

Argument Analysis Table

Argument Structure

• Main definition: Two distinct ways to be a pedestrian
• Structure: Either/or construction with specific location-movement pairings
• Key limitation: Walking on foot is only allowed on sidewalks, not on roadways directly

Phase 2: Question Analysis & Prethinking

Understanding What Each Part Asks

• Part 1: Examples of non-pedestrians that this definition would incorrectly include
• Part 2: Examples of actual pedestrians that this definition would incorrectly exclude
• Relationship: We need to find where the definition is both too broad AND too narrow

Prethinking for Each Part

For Part 1 (incorrectly includes):

• The definition includes anyone on human-powered conveyances on public surfaces
• This could include cyclists on roads - we don't normally think of them as pedestrians
• Could include skateboarders on streets

For Part 2 (incorrectly excludes):

• The definition requires specific locations: sidewalks for walking, or public surfaces for conveyances
• What about people crossing streets on foot? They're on the roadway itself, not the sidewalk
• What about people walking on private property?

Phase 3: Answer Choice Evaluation

Evaluating Each Choice

"walking on private sidewalks"

• Part 1: No - these would be excluded, not included
• Part 2: Yes - ordinary pedestrians, but excluded due to "private" aspect

"carrying roller skates while walking on sidewalks"

• Part 1: No - clearly fits the definition (walking on sidewalk)
• Part 2: No - included by the definition

"riding bicycles on roadways"

• Part 1: Yes! - bicycles are human-powered conveyances on public surfaces, so included as "pedestrians" though we don't think of cyclists that way
• Part 2: No - they'd be included, not excluded

"crossing roadways on foot"

• Part 1: No - these would be excluded, not included
• Part 2: Yes! - we think of people crossing streets as pedestrians, but they're on the roadway itself (not sidewalk) and not riding a conveyance

"swimming in pools near roadways"

• Part 1: No - not on paved surfaces
• Part 2: No - we don't think of swimmers as pedestrians

"pushing carts on sidewalks"

• Part 1: No - fits definition (moving on foot on sidewalk)
• Part 2: No - included by the definition

The Correct Answers

• For Part 1: "riding bicycles on roadways" - The definition includes them as pedestrians (human-powered conveyance on public surface), but we don't ordinarily think of cyclists as pedestrians
• For Part 2: "crossing roadways on foot" - We ordinarily think of people crossing streets as pedestrians, but the definition excludes them (they're on the roadway but not riding a conveyance)

Common Traps to Highlight

• "walking on private sidewalks" might seem like a Part 1 answer, but it's actually excluded, not included
• Don't confuse what the definition includes vs. excludes - read carefully!
• Remember that the definition has specific location-movement pairings that create these gaps