Country C has a long-standing policy that every person who earns an annual income above a certain specified amount in...

GMAT Two Part Analysis : (TPA) Questions

Source: Mock

Two Part Analysis

Verbal - RC

HARD

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Country C has a long-standing policy that every person who earns an annual income above a certain specified amount in any given year must file an income tax return for that year that includes Schedule X. However, for every year, most people who file an income tax return that includes Schedule X do not earn an annual income above the specified amount. Assume that everyone in Country C always follows the country's tax policies.

Select the statement about people in Country C that must be true, given this assumption and the information provided. And select the statement about people in Country C that must be false, given this assumption and the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.

True

False

More people earn an income above the specified amount than file Schedule X with their income tax return.

More people file Schedule X with their income tax return than earn an annual income above the specified amount.

More people file Schedule X than earn an income below the specified amount.

More people earn an income below the specified amount than file Schedule X.

Most people file Schedule X.

Most people do not file Schedule X.

Solution

Phase 1: Owning the Dataset

Argument Analysis Table

Passage Statement	Analysis & Implications
"Every person who earns an annual income above a certain specified amount in any given year must file an income tax return that includes Schedule X"	Core Fact: High earners (above specified amount) are required to file Schedule X Visualization: If 100 people earn above the threshold, all 100 must file Schedule X Logical Connections: Creates a subset relationship - all high earners are Schedule X filers What We Can Conclude: The number of high earners ≤ number of Schedule X filers
"For every year, most people who file an income tax return that includes Schedule X do not earn an annual income above the specified amount"	Core Fact: The majority of Schedule X filers are NOT high earners Visualization: If 100 people file Schedule X, more than 50 earn below the threshold Logical Connections: Some low earners voluntarily file Schedule X What We Can Conclude: Schedule X filers include both high earners (mandatory) and low earners (voluntary)
"Everyone in Country C always follows the country's tax policies"	Core Fact: There's 100% compliance with tax rules Visualization: No high earner avoids filing Schedule X Logical Connections: Ensures the first rule is absolute What We Can Conclude: Every single high earner files Schedule X without exception

Key Patterns Identified

Established Facts: All high earners file Schedule X; most Schedule X filers are low earners; everyone follows the rules
Key Relationship: High earners form a minority subset of Schedule X filers
Valid Conclusion: There must be more Schedule X filers than high earners

Phase 2: Question Analysis & Prethinking

Understanding Each Part

Part 1 (True): We need to identify what MUST be true given the facts
Part 2 (False): We need to identify what MUST be false given the facts
Relationship: These should be logically opposite or contradictory statements

Valid Inferences (Prethinking)

Must be true: More people file Schedule X than earn above the threshold (because all high earners file, but they're a minority of filers)
Must be false: Any statement claiming fewer people file Schedule X than earn above the threshold

Phase 3: Answer Choice Evaluation

Let me evaluate each option:

"More people earn an income above the specified amount than file Schedule X"
- What it claims: High earners outnumber Schedule X filers
- Fact Support: This contradicts our established facts - all high earners file Schedule X, but most filers aren't high earners
- Logical Validity: Must be FALSE
- Part Suitability: Perfect for the "False" column
"More people file Schedule X than earn an annual income above the specified amount"
- What it claims: Schedule X filers outnumber high earners
- Fact Support: Directly supported - all high earners file (100%) but are a minority of filers (<50%)
- Logical Validity: Must be TRUE
- Part Suitability: Perfect for the "True" column
"More people file Schedule X than earn an income below the specified amount"
- What it claims: Schedule X filers outnumber low earners
- Fact Support: Cannot determine - we don't know total population distribution
- Logical Validity: Could be true or false
- Part Suitability: Neither column
"More people earn an income below the specified amount than file Schedule X"
- What it claims: Low earners outnumber Schedule X filers
- Fact Support: Cannot determine - depends on total population
- Logical Validity: Could be true or false
- Part Suitability: Neither column
"Most people file Schedule X"
- What it claims: Over 50% of all people file Schedule X
- Fact Support: No information about total population proportions
- Logical Validity: Could be true or false
- Part Suitability: Neither column
"Most people do not file Schedule X"
- What it claims: Over 50% of all people don't file Schedule X
- Fact Support: No information about total population proportions
- Logical Validity: Could be true or false
- Part Suitability: Neither column

Final Answer Selection

True Column: Statement B - "More people file Schedule X than earn an annual income above the specified amount"
False Column: Statement A - "More people earn an income above the specified amount than file Schedule X"

These form a perfect logical pair - they're direct opposites, and the passage facts clearly establish which must be true and which must be false.

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