A pharmaceutical company (hereafter, the company) developed Formula A, a prescription drug used to treat a common health condition. In...

OWNING THE DATASET

Understanding Source A: Text - Company Background Information

Summary: A pharmaceutical company developed two related prescription drugs for the same common condition, with Formula A having exclusivity in Years 1-6 and Formula B having exclusivity in Years 5-10, creating an overlap period.

Understanding Source B: Chart - Annual Revenue from Sales

Chart Analysis:

• Shows annual revenue for both Formula A and Formula B over Years 1-10
• Key patterns observed:
  • Formula A revenue rises from Year 1-5, peaks around Year 5 (~$1,400M), then declines
  • Formula B revenue starts Year 5 (~$200M) and grows consistently through Year 10 (~$2,200M)
• Inference: Formula A showed growth during early exclusivity with peak performance in Year 5
• Inference: Formula B showed strong, consistent growth with no decline during its exclusivity period
• Inference: Formula B reached higher peak than Formula A ever achieved

Additional Key Information:

• "The company first earned revenue from sales of Formula B in Year 5"
  • Inference: Formula B launch coincided with start of its exclusivity period
  • Linkage to Source A: Formula B's market launch timing exactly matches when its 6-year exclusivity period began
• "For each of the Years 9 and 10, the company's annual revenue from sales of Formula A was less than 10 million US dollars (US$)"
  • Inference: Formula A revenue became negligible in final two years
  • Linkage to Source A: Formula A's revenue decline pattern corresponds with the end of its exclusivity protection period (Year 7+)

Summary: The revenue chart confirms that product launches align with exclusivity periods, with Formula A declining after losing protection while Formula B grows strongly throughout its protected period.

Understanding Source C: Table - Company-Wide Financial Data

Table Analysis:

• Shows total company revenue and R&D expenditures for Years 1-10
• Key patterns observed:
  • Total revenue grows from $600M (Year 1) to $4,000M (Year 10)
  • R&D spending varies between $60M-$800M
  • R&D as percentage of revenue varies from 10% (Years 1-3) to ~20% (Year 10)
• Inference: Company experienced overall growth throughout period (revenue increased ~6.7x)
• Inference: R&D investment fluctuates considerably with notable spike in Years 9-10 ($700M, $800M)

Key Linkages:

• Linkage to Source A: The massive R&D spending increase in Years 9-10 occurs right before Formula B's exclusivity expires (Year 10)
• Linkage to Source B: Individual Formula revenues from Source B are components of the total company revenue shown here
• Linkage to Sources A & B: Total company revenue is much larger than just Formula revenues, indicating significant other revenue sources

Summary: The company's total revenue grew steadily while R&D spending dramatically increased in Years 9-10, suggesting preparation for Formula B's exclusivity expiration and the need for new products.

Overall Summary

• The pharmaceutical company successfully managed a product transition strategy using overlapping exclusivity periods
• Formula A generated growing revenue during its Years 1-6 exclusivity, peaking at ~$1,400M before declining sharply after protection ended
• Formula B launched in Year 5 (when its exclusivity began) and eventually exceeded Formula A's peak, reaching ~$2,200M by Year 10
• The company appears to have substantial non-Formula revenue sources and dramatically increased R&D spending to $700-800M in Years 9-10, likely preparing for Formula B's impending loss of exclusivity
• This pattern suggests that loss of exclusivity has severe revenue impact, making continuous R&D investment critical for maintaining revenue streams

Question Analysis

The question asks us to find which year among the given options had the smallest total revenue when adding Formula A and Formula B sales together. This requires calculating combined revenue from both formulas for Years 5-9 and identifying the minimum value.

Key Constraints

• Must consider combined revenue from both formulas
• Only evaluate the years provided in the answer choices (Years 5-9)
• Looking for the least (minimum) combined revenue

Connecting to Our Analysis

The analysis includes Source B data showing individual Formula A and Formula B revenues for each year. We can answer this question directly from the analysis as it provides all needed revenue figures for both formulas across all relevant years.

Extracting Relevant Findings

Using Source B revenue data from the analysis, we need to calculate combined revenues for each year option by summing Formula A and Formula B revenues, then find the minimum total.

Individual Statement/Option Evaluations

Year 5 Evaluation

• Formula A revenue: \(\$1,400M\)
• Formula B revenue: \(\$200M\)
• Combined calculation: \(\$1,400M + \$200M = \$1,600M\)
• Result: Total revenue = \(\$1,600M\)

Year 6 Evaluation

• Formula A revenue: \(\$1,000M\)
• Formula B revenue: \(\$1,000M\)
• Combined calculation: \(\$1,000M + \$1,000M = \$2,000M\)
• Result: Total revenue = \(\$2,000M\)

Year 7 Evaluation

• Formula A revenue: \(\$800M\)
• Formula B revenue: \(\$1,600M\)
• Combined calculation: \(\$800M + \$1,600M = \$2,400M\)
• Result: Total revenue = \(\$2,400M\)

Year 8 Evaluation

• Formula A revenue: \(\$100M\)
• Formula B revenue: \(\$1,900M\)
• Combined calculation: \(\$100M + \$1,900M = \$2,000M\)
• Result: Total revenue = \(\$2,000M\)

Year 9 Evaluation

• Formula A revenue: \(\$0M\)
• Formula B revenue: \(\$2,100M\)
• Combined calculation: \(\$0M + \$2,100M = \$2,100M\)
• Result: Total revenue = \(\$2,100M\)

Systematic Checking

Comparing all calculated combined revenues to identify the minimum:

• Year 5: \(\$1,600M\) (LOWEST among options)
• Year 6: \(\$2,000M\)
• Year 7: \(\$2,400M\) (HIGHEST among options)
• Year 8: \(\$2,000M\) (tied with Year 6)
• Year 9: \(\$2,100M\)

The clear minimum is Year 5 at \(\$1,600M\) combined revenue.

Final Answer

Year 5