A certain city's bus system includes several stops within a University campus. The city has devised a new plan to...

Owning the Dataset

Table 1: Text Analysis

Table 2: Chart Analysis

Key Insights

1. Carrying a valid University student ID during daytime always grants a free ride, making location irrelevant for those passengers.
2. Passengers without student IDs who board and exit at University stops during daytime can also ride free, but those exiting elsewhere must pay on exit.
3. Outside 6:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m., everyone must pay upon entry regardless of ID or location, greatly simplifying fare collection in off-peak hours.

Step-by-Step Solution

Question 1: Identifying the Required Payment Outcome

Complete Statement:

According to the diagram, under the new plan, if a bus passenger [BLANK 1], then that passenger must not have [BLANK 2].

Breaking Down the Statement

• Statement Breakdown 1:
  • Key Phrase: if a bus passenger [BLANK 1]
    Meaning: The statement refers to a specific fare payment result a passenger experiences according to the flowchart.
    Relation to Chart: The chart shows three possible payment outcomes: rides free, pays on entry, pays on exit.
    Important Implications: We must match a payment outcome to a unique 'must not have' condition.
• Statement Breakdown 2:
  • Key Phrase: must not have [BLANK 2]
    Meaning: We're seeking a requirement that a certain condition was NOT met for that outcome.
    Relation to Chart: Each terminal node in the flowchart can only be reached if certain conditions (including not meeting some) are followed.
    Important Implications: Only one payment outcome will have a single, specific 'must not have' requirement.
• What is needed: Which payment outcome (rides free, pays on entry, pays on exit) is only possible if a condition is not met, enabling us to fill in both blanks.

Solution:

• Condensed Solution Implementation:
  Trace all paths leading to each payment outcome and list the mandatory conditions. Identify if any outcome can only be reached if a passenger has NOT satisfied a required condition. 'Pays on exit' is uniquely possible only when the passenger did NOT present a valid University student ID. Therefore, 'pays on exit' must go in the first blank.
• Necessary Data points:
  There is only one way to 'pays on exit': board between 6am–6pm, NOT present Student ID, board at University stop, and exit at a non-University stop. The other outcomes do not have a necessary single exclusion.
  • Calculations Estimations:
    No numerical calculations needed—just logical deduction by process tracing.
  • Comparison to Answer Choices:
    Rides free and pays on entry can be reached via multiple paths that do not rely on a single 'must not have.' Only 'pays on exit' requires that the passenger must NOT have presented a valid University student ID.

FINAL ANSWER Blank 1: pays on exit

Question 2: Determining the Prohibited Action

Complete Statement:

According to the diagram, under the new plan, if a bus passenger pays on exit, then that passenger must not have [BLANK 2].

Breaking Down the Statement

• Statement Breakdown 1:
  • Key Phrase: pays on exit
    Meaning: The conclusion of the chart's path is the 'pays on exit' terminal node.
    Relation to Chart: Only one specific path leads to 'pays on exit' in the chart.
• Statement Breakdown 2:
  • Key Phrase: must not have [BLANK 2]
    Meaning: We are looking for the specific prerequisite that must be false to reach 'pays on exit.'
    Relation to Chart: Along the only route to 'pays on exit', the student must have answered 'No' to presenting a valid University student ID.
• What is needed: What condition must be false (i.e., NOT have presented) for someone to end up paying on exit according to the diagram.

Solution:

• Condensed Solution Implementation:
  Follow the flowchart starting from boarding between 6am–6pm, then follow the 'No' route at presenting student ID, then 'Yes' for boarding at University stop, and 'No' for exiting at University stop. The critical decision is 'No' to presenting a valid University student ID.
• Necessary Data points:
  The route: board between 6am–6pm -> NOT present student ID -> board at University stop -> NOT exit at University stop = pays on exit.
  • Calculations Estimations:
    No calculation required; the 'No' to presenting the ID is pivotal.
  • Comparison to Answer Choices:
    Out of the available conditions, only presenting a valid University student ID must be absolutely false for the 'pays on exit' path.

FINAL ANSWER Blank 2: presented a valid University student ID

Summary

To fill both blanks, the solution traces all possible terminal outcomes in the fare flowchart. Only 'pays on exit' can be reached exclusively by not presenting a valid University student ID, so these are the answers that fit the statement's logic according to the diagram.

Question Independence Analysis

The questions are dependent: determining the correct outcome for Blank 1 (pays on exit) immediately restricts the possible answer for Blank 2 (must not have presented a valid University student ID), since only that combination is uniquely constrained according to the flowchart.